1. Fisher MJ, King J. (2010). The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale for nursing education revisited: a confirmatory factor analysis. Nurse Educ Today; 30(1): 44-8

2. Fisher M, King J, Tague G. (2001). Development of a self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education. Nurse Education Today; 21:516-525

3. Choi M. Glassman M. Cristol D. (2017). What it means to be a citizen in the internet age: Development of a reliable and valid digital citizenship scale, Computers & Education 107 (2017) 100e112, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect, journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compedu

4. Long HB. (2007). Skills for self-directed learning. Retrived [Cited 2007] Available from http//facultystaff.ou.edu/L/ Huey.B. Long-1/…/selfdirected.html

5. Long B, Huey B. Skills for self-directed learning. [Cited 2009 Jun 23]. Available from: http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/Huey.B.Long-1/Articles/sd/self-directed.html

6. Long HB. (2000). Understanding Self-direction in learning. In H.B Long & Associates (Eds), practice & theory in self-directed learning. Schaumburg, IL: Motorola University Press

7. Williamson SN. (2007). Development of a self- rating scale of self-directed learning. Nurse Res 2007; 14 (2): 66-83

8. Oliver, O. (2007). The Role of ICT in high education for the 21 Century: ICT as a change agent for education. Cowan University

9. Fathi K. Zahabiun S. (2010). Electronic Citizen, Journal of Efficient Schools Educational Research, No. 9, Academic Year 88-89, pp. 24-30

10. Nasiri N. Alborz B. (2015). The role and dimensions of citizenship education as a reality in the development of e-city, Shahrnegar bimonthly, No. 70-71, pp. 86-95

11. Mazloumian, S. Kooti M. (1397). The effect of using technology, self-directed learning on students' academic performance, Sixth Scientific Conference on Educational Sciences and Psychology, Social and Cultural Harms of Iran, Tehran, Association for Development and Promotion of Basic Sciences and Technologies, https : //www.civilica.com/Paper-PSCONF06-PSCONF06_282.html

12. Nowruzi M. (2009). Cultural Planning for Electronic Citizenship with Emphasis on the Role of Education, Second International Conference on Electronic Municipality, Tehran, Organization of Municipalities and Municipalities, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-EMUN02-EMUN02_031. html

13. Bartholomew S. R., Reeve, Veon R. Goodridge W. Lee V. Nadelson L. (2017). Relationships between Access to Mobile Devices, Student Self-Directed Learning, and Achievement, Journal of Technology Education, Vol. 29 No. 1, fall 2017, pp 1-23

14. Sittiwong T. Wanitcha M. (2015), The study of students’ opinions on the knowledge management system to support online instruction for self-directed learning, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 176 (2015) 750 – 756, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

15. Saks K. Äli L. (2014). Distinguishing Self-Directed and Self-Regulated Learning and Measuring them in the E-learning Context, International Conference on Education & Educational Psychology 2013 (ICEEPSY 2013), Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 112 (2014) 190 – 198, Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

16. Netwong Titiya, (2013), The Using of e-Learning to Develop Digital Citizenship and Learning Achievement in Information Technology, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2013, pp 135-137